Discordant Thinking

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Thinking Techniques

There are situations with definite answers. When you have got the ‘right’ answer, or when you believe you have got the ‘right’ answer, you stop thinking. The purpose of thinking is to get you to the ‘right’ answer. When thinking has done its job, you stop thinking.

You use a knife to cut a piece of steak. When you have the piece, you lay the knife aside. The tool has done its work. So when thinking has done its work you lay aside the process.

‘Which is the best way up this mountain?’ If the mountain has been climbed frequently, then the ‘right’ route will be indicated to you. Many other routes may have been tried and found to be more dangerous or harder work. If the mountain has not been climbed so frequently, the ‘right’ route may not be the only one or the best one. You may want to try out a new route for yourself.

How can you tell whether you are in a situation where there is only one ‘right’ answer, and when you have that answer there is no point in further thinking? Some situations are obvious. If you need technical information, then once you have that information you have the right answer.

In many situations, if not most, you settle for a ‘satisfactory’ answer or an ‘adequate’ answer. If the answer appears to satisfy your needs, then you accept it as ‘right’. There might be a much better answer but you see no need to look for it.

Our habit of stopping thinking when we reach a ‘right’ answer is so ingrained that we are reluctant to do any further thinking. It is not unlike spending money. If you have spent ‘enough’ money, why should you spend more?

Yet there are many situations where the first ‘right answer’ is far from the best. Indeed, there might be a special opportunity in such situations, because everyone else may have stopped at the first ‘right answer’. So if you think further, you may open up anew opportunity which others have missed.

ADDITIONAL THINKING

Why should additional thinking be of use? Perception is a very important part of thinking. In fact, research (at Harvard) shows that 90% of the errors of thinking are errors of perception. It does not matter how logical your thinking, it can never be better than your starting perceptions. So if someone has a different perception of the situation then additional thinking might provide a different answer.

History and culture within an organisation will largely determine the sort of thinking that takes place on an issue. Someone who has not been subjected to this history and culture may come up with different thinking.

The starting point of our thinking will strongly affect the outcome. Someone who starts at a different point may follow an entirely different path with an entirely different outcome. It is very difficult for any individual to vary the starting point for himself or herself.

The purpose of thinking is to deliver value: to the customer, to the voter, to the organisation, to the investors, etc. etc. There is a whole range of values in any situation. The emphasis is usually put on some of these values. Someone who puts a different emphasis on the values may come up with a different answer. That is always a possibility with additional thinking.

In medicine, it is quite common to seek out a ‘second opinion’. In serious matters you want to be sure that the diagnosis or treatment regime is one that is generally held and not the result of one individual’s thinking. It is not a matter of doubt or dissatisfaction. There is simply a need for confirmation through seeking another opinion.

THE VALUE OF ADDITIONAL THINKING

If the additional thinking turns up nothing new or different, is that not a waste of time, effort and even money? On the contrary, the reassurance value of such additional thinking confirms that the original thinking is good. This is similar to the case in medicine for a second opinion.

If the additional thinking is slightly different, this may suggest a new insight or a new consideration. Such a new consideration may be thought about and may be rejected or may modify, even if slightly, the original thinking. If the additional thinking is very different, it may be rejected. This rejection will demand further thinking on the matter which will reinforce the first thinking. There may also be a need to go back and rethink the whole matter if the additional thinking seems reasonable.

CONFIDENCE AND TIME

To seek additional thinking may imply a lack of confidence in the original thinking. This may be true, but is hardly a reason for not seeking additional thinking. It is easy to make a decision if you never consider any alternatives. But a decision made in this way may not be a very good decision.

If you dare not consider additional thinking, that does not show much confidence in your original thinking. You suspect that the original thinking may not be all that good.

There are a few emergency situations where there is not much time for thinking. In such situations there is hardly time to seek additional thinking. In practice, such situations are rare.

Usually there is ample thinking time for strategies, decisions, choices and problem-solving. So the time complaint is rarely justified and is used as a surrogate for other reasons.

Additional thinking does not imply inadequacy in the original thinking. It simply implies that from a different perspective a different view may be obtained. A parent cannot think as a child any more than a child can think as a parent.

DIFAT

This is a virtual institute - the De Bono Institute For Additional Thinking. DIFAT can be used metaphorically. ‘We should bring in DIFAT here.’

That implies that an effort should be made to generate some additional or alternative thinking on the matter. The same people who did the original thinking may now operate under the DIFAT label. Or another team may be given this task.

It is also possible that DIFAT can be used in a real sense. The Institute may be formally asked to provide some additional thinking around a defined issue.

Additional thinking implies confidence in the original thinking - not the opposite.

You cannot really choose the best if you have no choice. If you only have one answer, how can you choose the best answer?

critical thinkig during conversation

What Is Critical Thinking? The word critical thinking means Evaluative. To avoid misunderstandings we begin our report by clearing the concept that critical thinking doesn’t means negative thinking or to criticize anything, but critical thinking refers to Evaluative thinking. The result of evaluation may lead to negative and positive opinions considering the facts and figures. The two brief definitions defining what the Critical thinking is: 1) reasonably and reflectively deciding to what to believe or what to do? And the second definitions is 2) Critical thinking means making reasoned judgments. Basically, Critical thinking is the criteria to judge the quality of something. In essence “Critical Thinking is a disciplined manner of thought that a person uses to assess the validity of something: a news, story, argument or research etc. Today, the topic of critical thinking has gained a new shape and is now the part of Education sector of many developed countries because as students learn to think more critically they become more efficient at historical, scientific and mathematical thinking. Finally, they develop skills, abilities and values crucial to the success in everyday life. Critical thinking, in our point of view, can be described as to gather, to apply, to analyze, to synthesize or evaluate all the information gathered; considering the source whether it is observed, experienced or by communicating. To complete the thinking on any subject we must think on all the factors and different aspects and different angles. And then conclude on the topic.

What do you mean by Conversation? Before continuing on the topic, we would want to let the concept of conversation be cleared in your minds. The conversation may be defined in many ways, but the most suitable definition is “An informal talk with somebody, especially about opinions, ideas, feelings or everyday matters.” For example: talking on telephone or when you are having chat with your friends. A conversation in many ways a better sort of communication, as in it everybody is free to present his opinions and everybody has more chance to learn from each other. Guy de Maupassant, a French writer. Describes the conversation as:

Conversation… is the art of never appearing a bore, of knowing how to say everything interestingly, to entertain with no matter what, to be charming with nothing at all.”

According to biology, the process of human mind is shown below, followed by the psychologists view.

How human mind works (A biological view): Well, every animal you think of, mammals, reptiles, fish, and amphibians each of them has brain but the human brain is unique. It gives us the power to think, plan and to imagine. This is surely an amazing part of human body. The brain performs no: of essential tasks.

All these tasks are regulated monitored and coordinated by a single organ i.e. your brain. Your brain, spinal cord and nerves form a complex system of nerves named as Nervous System. The study of nervous system is so vast, due to the complex combination of nerves; it has a complete study on this system named as “Neuroscience” and “Neurobiology”.

Factors affecting thinking when you are communicating: When we communicate with our friends and relatives or with any person of our society, during all our conversations ever wondered how your mind works and what occurs in your mind. We always want to impress others in all of our meetings but, ever thought what is that which makes to stand with them for long and long hours. Well, firstly there we have described two basic meetings which we come across in our daily life and how we react in them and how we think to be suitable in these meetings Two basic types of meetings:

• Formal meetings. • Informal meetings.

And the factors which affect our thinking in these meetings are: • Positive thinking • Negative thinking and their effects. • Facial expressions and its effects. • Body language and its effects. • Tone of voice and its effects. • Eye contact and its effects,

Formal and Informal meetings: As described above, we always want to impress others by our talk and skill of communication. There are various thoughts which occur readily in our mind. Two basic meetings in which we are interacted in our daily life are:

• Formal meetings. • Informal meetings.

Our mind reacts differently to both of these meetings. We dress and try to be as similar and suitable to these meetings separately. While, we go to attend the formal meeting, we try to be sober and simple in our dressing, reserved in our talk and be more formal in all the things. Like, we say, ‘sure’, ‘thank you very much’, ‘hello’, and will meet as gratefully as we know the person for years. This is because, we know in formal meetings everyone has his eye on us, and at every time there is a watch on you. And again, you want to impress your boss and faculty of your organization. Well, you all do this because your mind says it so right? It’s because of our thinking that we do all of these things. You know if you be casual in your dressing and your talk, you won’t leave a good impression on your boss or you might be called for this behavior. The formal meetings are like one of your organizations, seminars and any of your ceremonies where you had to be formal with other people. But, in contrast to this, informal meetings, where we are free to do whatever we love to. While in these meetings, our mind is relaxed, we become casual in our talk, so in our dressing and often discuss the topics of daily routine and have fun. These are just the opposite of the formal meetings. These include mostly the talks and meetings with the friends and your closed ones. Your mind tells you to impress them with your opinions and views regarding different issues discussed, the reason behind this is that it increases your value in your friends and they would surely like to have your word on any topic.

We have just discussed the two different aspects of meetings and conversations we have in our daily life, and also how our mind reacts to both of them. But it’s all our mind works in our daily life and is the psychologists view.

Different aspects of mind: Now, we are going to tell you about the two different aspects of mind in which our mind works during the conversation. While we communicate, there are two ways in which our mind picks up the point. One is Positive approach and the other is Negative approach. Well, these aspects depend on the nature of the person how he thinks and picks up the things. A good observer predicts the nature of the person by the way he thinks. Now, before describing each of them, we must tell you a story regarding these attitudes of mind. Allan applied for a new job but his level of confidence was low, he never had self-belief that he will get the job and in his previous experiences of the interview he always thought that his competitors are better than him. Thus, acquired the negative thinking/approach, now for the next interview he was going to give, the whole week his mind was filled with the negative thoughts so, he could not sleep well in the night and resultantly got up late in the morning and found the shirt he thought to wear was untidy and other one was unironed and at last went wearing a wrinkled shirt and there he could not focus on the job interview because he was not really prepared, his impression fell bad and as usual he could not get the job while on the other hand was Steve, who always thought he will get the job and therefore, slept early in the night, and woke up early than usual time and therefore had ample time to have breakfast and dress and reached the interview place before time, his impression was good and no doubt, he got the job. In these two stories, both had the similar qualification, but the state of the mind was different. Allan got the Negative approach while, Steve opt to have the Positive one. We see how the thinking affects the one’s daily life. While you have your thinking positive it is shown by your body language, you walk tall and your voice is much powerful and that reflects your image and have the good impression overall. So now these thinking are described as follows respectively.

Positive thinking: The best way to be a positive thinker is to never think negative but, if there is some thing that is making you feel bad about yourself, try searching that bad. It’s not an easy task though. The positive thinking is basically, when you take positive view of any thing like, if you are failed in an exam, in spite you say that the teacher has failed me of no reason you say: it’s my fault that I have failed; this is the positive thinking on your part. If you are a negative thinker, then try to do the opposite of what your mind thinks of. This will make you feel bad at times but later on you will get used to it. The effects of being a positive thinker are some of the most notable changes which you may feel. People will start looking and behaving differently than they used to. Finally, you will be more confident, nice, creative individual.

Negative thinking: The opposite of positive, negative thinking is an easy way to follow because it’s all fun there, but it leaves you an icy and itchy feeling inside yourself. Negative thinking always blocks you in everyday life and you will never have the peace of mind. Like the positive thinking, it also affects your image badly, your self-esteem will drop down, your social contacts will be lesser and you might lose your friends too. Therefore, negative thinking has many negative results. Finally, worst what you can do to yourself be to become a negative thinker in the end. Negative thinkers Positive thinkers

I've never done it before. It's an opportunity to learn something new. It's too complicated. Let's look at it from a different angle. I don't have the resources. Necessity is the mother of invention. There's not enough time. Let's re-evaluate some priorities. There's no way it will work. I can try to make it work. I don't have the expertise. I'll find people who can help me. It's good enough. There's always room for improvement. It's too radical a change. Let's take a chance. No one bothers to communicate with me. I'll see if I can open the channels of communication.

Effects of positive and negative thinking in conversation: Your thinking has effects on your conversation. If you think negative it will show your negative personality or vice versa. And these effects come in your conversation and reflect what’s in your mind. Here, now we show you how a person with negative personality reacts and how a person with the negative personality reacts to the people and to the challenges of life. Now, look at above table, which shows the difference between positive and negative thinkers. How they react to the situations. But, negative thinking is not the addiction you can get rid of it by practicing. The negative thinking is removed from the mind by practicing a proper self-talk and keeping in view the results which you might get after what you have done. If you think negative about one’s opinion, one might not be impressed by your behavior and may take a negative remark with himself regarding your behavior. We have talked about formal and informal meetings before so in these meetings, whether formal or informal your talk can bring you embarrassment or may make you proud depending what your behavior was. So, many researchers say, never opt for a negative approach. It is also found many negative thoughts come in mind of a person by self-talk, means when he is alone and thoughts which occur in your mind. So whenever you are alone try not to think negative and try practicing positive. That will alter your negative approach to the positive one. So, the overall result is that make you’re thinking as good as possible and try to have a good impact on others when you are talking to someone and show a positive approach to every topic.

Facial expressions: The best definition is described by “Sir, Alan fridlund” of university of California as:

“The face is like a switch on a railroad track. It affects the trajectory of the social interaction the way the switch would affect the path of train.”

There is a well-known proverb:

“Face is the true index of mind”.

So, face describes a lot about what you are going to say, your facial expressions reflect the thinking of your mind. Facial expressions are vital in predicting the behavior of what the reply you get from others, when you say something to them. Facial expressions express the state of your thinking of what you are thinking of others and what is going on in your mind. Facial expressions results from one or more movements of the muscles and show the emotional state of the mind. They are the source of non-verbal communication. Some feelings that result from the face expressions are:

• Anger • Desire • Happiness • Fear • Confusion • Sadness • Surprise • Disgust • Excitement etc.

These expressions are also illustrated in the figure above and show the different muscular movements. The expressions make one’s behavior more predictable and understandable and show one’s motivational state. So, facial expressions also have the impact on your conversation. And they also create questions in your mind.

Effects on the Conversation: Like the thinking, facial expressions also have the impact on the conversations that you have in your daily life. As described above about the facial expressions, they show the motivational state of mind, so when you are communicating with any person, you guess by his facial expressions that what he might be thinking or in what mood hi is in. so, you don’t say anything like which he might not like and you end up with the negative terms with the person. Let’s have some examples on this: Suppose you are working in a firm and you want some loan for your need from the company so, you go to the manager and you guess from his facial expressions that he is not in mood and is somewhat angry for a reason. So, by looking at him you will change the topic and will come back without asking for your need. Not because, your needs finished when you saw your manager but because you saw your manager was angry and might reject your application. So, you came back, that’s how face expressions effect the conversations. Well, this was the case in the formal meetings. But even, when you have the informal meetings with your friends or relatives or cousins etc, the same rule occurs like, you are having a chat with your friend incidentally, you said something which your doesn’t like he doesn’t says anything but by his facial expressions you guessed it and you immediately change the topic. Above observations illustrate that how the facial expressions show the state of mind and how they have their effects on the other persons and their responses. In these both the cases discussed, the observer changed his views because of the prediction of response he might get. We during conversations, most of the time, have our eyes on the faces of others because, we want to know what he is thinking of what you just said. If he/she laughs you are pleased too. We make our replies on what the response and replies we get, whether in formal or informal meetings. So, did you ever think of the facts described above? If yes, then it’s not a new thing to you but if you haven’t then thought on them it is really true.

Body Language:

Body language is an important part of communication, which constitutes half of what we are communicating if you wish to be a good communicator, and then it’s important that how best you use your body language to make others understand that what you mean and is really a great skill to have. Communication with the body language includes gestures, your style to present any thing and tone of your voice. The body language shows how good communicator you are and how much presentable you are. Body language is especially used to express feelings. There are many times when we don’t want to say something to other because of the circumstances but the other reads our mind and our body language itself conveys the message. Even, times come when we don’t know of what someone has understood with our body language. Usually body language occurs unconsciously. It is important to know that body language has different meanings in different cultures. How we can interpret the body language depends on the situation, the relationship with the other as well as of the gender. So, body language has its effects on the conversation as it is also an important part of the conversation and has its effects on the thinking of the person, Effects on conversation: Body language is the language of the expressions and is vital in communicating the message without saying the appropriate words. You can just say with your body what you don’t want to say with your tongue. Hence, it plays an important role during the conversations of our daily life. The most common example is of the people who are dumb, they can’t say any thing but still they do communicate through the body language. The gestures they make are the essential part of it. It’s not the only example of it but there are many examples. Considering one more example that you are in one of your relatives house and you wander here and there and do all the stupid things you can do but your relative does not forbids you of anything because he takes you as a guest but his body language will be telling you everything which he will be not by his tongue. So, if you are so intelligent then you will quit all your stupid activities and sit there like a gentleman. So, these all signs and signals of the body which the sender gives unintentionally are termed as body language and are very important in judging up the behavior of others. Well, this was the example of Informal meeting now consider an example of the formal meeting that you are a market advertising manager and you have to make a report for your new product now, when your turn comes and you start your presentation you see after sometime that everyone seems to take your presentation a bit boring. Since, no one says it but there expressions and body language will be telling all you want to understand and you will finish your presentation as soon as possible. The above said examples are very less to describe the effects of body language on conversation there are uncountable events that come in your life in which you just use gestures to make others understand what you mean. Facial expression and body language are also used in a negative way to cheat someone and to betray someone. This is the reason that people of this modern world don’t have even believe on their neighbors. And the crimes of betraying and cheating are increasing day by day. Understanding the body language is itself a difficult job like not everyone can say that what is running is in his mind, similarly not everyone can judge by the body language of the other to what he is thinking or feeling. They may take the possibilities of two or three outcomes but not perfectly since, it’s not an easy job to do if you are as much able to understand it then you will be very successful person. So, these are the effects of body language on the conversation, not only them but there are many others which are uncountable to note.

Tone of voice: The way your voice sounds is called the tone of your voice. The tone of voice of every person is different i.e. we recognize the person by their voice when they talk even if they are behind you, you don’t recognize the person But you recognize the voice then you understand that that this person is. Tone of voice is also another essential way of communication. The way you sound shows the state of your mind whether you are angry, confused, happy, sad or surprised. There are different tones of voices one can use:

• Your voice can sound happy • Your voice can sound sad. • Your voice can sound excited. • Your voice can sound scared. • Or any other depending on your mood and what you are thinking. Sometimes your voice just sounds regular; this regular tone which you use most of the time is your tone of voice.

It's not so much what you say, As the manner in which you say it; It's not so much the language you use, As the tone in which you convey it.

These lines describe the use of tone of voice in a rhythmic manner and convey that it’s not just all about the language you use but it’s about the manner in which you speak and tone of your voice that does matter. Pitch and volume of one’s voice carry a difference in tone even when you are writing the essay your composition and use of word conveys a great sense of tone in your essay. The tone, in turn conveys our attitude towards our audience and our subject matter. The tone shows are we being casual or formal? Sweet or stuffy? Happy or sad? Etc. the choice of one word can change the tone of whole conversation or essay. The tone of voice has many effects on the conversations we have. The tone of voice is also a very important factor in the conversations of our daily life. Whether formal or informal it is of great use. The effects of the tone in the conversations of our daily life are discussed below.

Effects on Conversation: The tone of voice ahs many effects on the conversation we have in our daily life. One use different tones in both of these meetings as stated before we always want to impress the person with whom we are having the conversation. So, your voice is also one of the tools to impress the person with your talk. Let discus its effects in both the meetings.

informal formal

light, humorous, comic serious, grave, decorous

personal, subjective objective, impersonal

casual, offhanded impassioned

"loose," rambunctious reasoned, reasonable

zany, experimental controlled, reserved

plainspoken, simple ornate, elaborate The table above shows us to how one should keep his voice in these meetings and how one should react in both of these meetings and what type of talk he must have with the persons he is having the meeting. Now we want to give you example about how the voice effects the thinking of the person suppose you are working on a super store and a customer listens your voice from behind, if he likes it, he will take you as knowledgeable and confident person and you will have a positive impact on him and that will improve your image and you will be more confident than before. But in case, he doesn’t likes it then, it makes them want to disconnect and speak to a supervisor. Your voice is your best vehicle to make the customer to trust you. The most important qualities to impress others are to keep your voice in the following manners:

• Upbeat. • Warm. • Under Control. • Clear.

You must keep in mind these factors while you are talking and keep your tone according to them. That will improve your skill. And will make you a good communicator. Tone of voice is the one of the most important things to keep in mind while you are communicating as it makes your image and personality more confident and visible to others.

Eye Contact: Off all the ways we communicate with the people, eye contact is the most powerful one. I.e. how we look at the people and gaze at them, which often leads to embarrassment, rejection or may be boost up in the confidence. It is a non-verbal form of communication known as “OCULESICS”. Usually when you talk to the person eye to eye during conversation the other person is usually impressed by the way you talk because eye to eye contact is one of he essentials advised to the one’s who want to improve their communication skill.

Effects on conversation: Eye contact has the major effects on conversation. Conversation through eye contact is non-verbal in nature it starts with the glances of the person. There are many ways in which we communicate in our daily life. You must have heard in the movies the actors say to each other “I can read your eyes” or “your eyes told me” these sort of sentences are often used in the movies. Apart from it, eyes usually are very truthful sort of creature for example, if someone loves anyone but he doesn’t tells her but by having the look in his eyes, the way he stares at her, shows it all. Since, we can say that eyes reflect your emotions and feelings. You will realize the importance of eye contact suppose, when you are counseling people face to face. You will notice that when you break eye contact the person will probably stop speaking. And when you maintain eye contact the person will continue talking knowing that you are interested in what he had to say. At last, easy to conclude that human beings are not only to transmit data but to transmit emotional states too. That’s why; we give importance to body language and eye contact. We must keep in mind that we remain at the same time the talking ape and the weeping ape.

Verbal and Non-verbal Communication: Verbal communication is the one in which we use our words with our actions and movement to communicate and Non-verbal communication is the one in which we only use our actions and movements to communicate with the peoples around us. From the types of communications described above thee are non-verbal communications and only one is the type of verbal communication i.e.

• Facial Expressions (Non-verbal) • Body language (Non-verbal) • Tone of voice (Verbal) • Eye contact (Non-verbal)

Since, we can conclude that the ratio of the non-verbal communication is greater than the verbal communication and hence it is also shown by the researchers that ratio of non-verbal communication is 55% and though they have separated Tone of voice and its importance is up to 38% and words have the ratio of only 5%.

The circular graph (above) shows the ratio of importance and usage between the body language, words and tone of voice. This graph is based on the researches and is very authentic.

Our Visits: To make an authentic research we made various visits too many hospitals and met many Psychiatrics and asked the questions from them and had their views about the “Critical thinking during conversation” the hospitals which we visited include: • The HAMDARD University hospital. • OMI hospital. • The ISM hospital. • The ANKELSARIYA medical hospital. • TAJ Complex medical hospital. • NATIONAL medical center. • JINNAH Postgraduate medical center. • KARACHI Psychiatric hospital.

These hospitals had many qualified doctors who were well qualified and their skills were highlighted by their behavior, these doctors include:

• Dr. Qazi Irshad Ahmed • Dr. Syed Mubin Akhter. • Dr. Altaf Rehmatullah Badla. • Dr. Qaiser A. Hai. • Dr. Majid Ali Abdi. • Dr. M. Munir Hamirani. • Dr. Inam-ur-Rehman Khan. • Dr. Maqbool Ahmed Babri (MAX) • Dr. Najmi Chugtai. • Dr. Amanat A. Mohsin.

We visited Dr. MAX Babri not in hospital because he lives in Islamabad but we met him in a promotional event and he gave us all the information we want and was very kind to us for filling up our questionnaire with his precious views. The visits which we made they were full of knowledge and support and mostly every doctor showed his interest in the report and in the topic also. The doctors were very pleased to see the Survey Questionnaire and each one of them presented his views with full of his interest and knowledge and since, it was very vast topic so every doctor had his own opinion which was a bit different from the other. They liked the questions of the questionnaire and they filled that up and gave us their visiting card and also appreciated the efforts of the teacher.

Conclusion: Critical thinking is a very different approach to extract out the things in our daily life. The way we think in our daily life and respond to peoples, that actually shows the way we think. Critical thinking show different behaviors that a human body adopts and respond during conversation. When we are talking with anyone we see his reactions and face expressions and respond according to that. Critical thinking during conversation occurs every time when we communicate with anyone. Critical thinking comes after the predictions which are made by human mind on the basis of face expressions, body language and tone of voice. The way we evaluate things during conversation is actually the critical thinking during conversation, we evaluate the things on the basis of body language, facial expressions, tone of voice and eye contact. These factors are considered important while thinking and pondering over critical thinking during conversation. These factors are utilized in both of the main forms of meetings, formal and informal. These factors have effect on our thinking in conversations we have in our daily life. So, in the end will conclude by this, critical thinking during conversation means the evaluative thinking occurs in our mind during conversation and is done by the means of facial expressions, tone of voice, eye contact and body language. We can use this process in every conversation that we have in our daily life, these meetings may be formal or informal. Critical thinking is essential in both of them and plays an important role in predicting the response and behavior of others in our daily conversations.

Recommendations: We, in the light of above facts describe critical thinking as essential approach to know someone, and we would like to let everyone b aware of its advantages. Critical thinking with its major advantage of predicting the behavior and response of others make it to be distinguished from others. Critical thinking can be applied in formal or informal meetings and thus is very important to be evaluative in your thinking. To be critical is to be evaluative so evaluative thinking corresponds to the evaluative behavior of a person, which means one goes in depth and looks at the situation from the broader point and from all different angles and then takes the decision to what to do. And thus, we can say the more you become evaluative the more you become social, aware, broad minded and positive thinker. In this report, two different aspects of mind have also been described one is positive thinking and the other is negative thinking. To be negative in your thinking is the personality trait in you so be aware of it and never approach this thinking. Because of this, many people might run away from you even you close ones might refrain from you. So, avoid this type of approach and be positive in your thinking because negative approach may cause hinders, blocks and doubts in your mind and even they produce misunderstandings which may cause you to lose your loved one.

This research report is written by saad zahid with the help of his friend ali shayan.These two are doing BBA contact no saadusman35@hotmail.com for your opinions

I''m Thinking about what You''re Thinking about

I can honestly say that I spent most of my life being unaware of doing this, I did it automatically. And I went as far as believing that I really knew what other people were thinking about. I’ve had full blown arguments with someone else – in my head – without ever speaking a single word out loud to this person. This may sound like insanity but it isn’t – it’s actually quite common, so don’t be too worried if you find yourself doing it.

I’ve determined that when I’m, ‘thinking about what someone else is thinking about’ what I’m doing is assuming. (quick note here: There is something called Intuition and that’s a little bit different from what I’m talking about here, and I will talk about that in another article, and the differences). Anyways, the only person’s thoughts I know for sure are my own – and the irony is that the thoughts I think about what someone else is thinking are also my thoughts. Unless I’m a mind reader, which I’m not.

I don’t really want to spend my mental energy trying to live in other people’s heads, because I’ve noticed in the past that I’ve made life decisions based on this assumption-style of thinking. And it usually leads me to a place of depression, isolation, and withdrawal from the world.

Here are 3 ways I’ve discovered that help me to deal with this and I’d like to share with you. Feel free to try them out for yourself:

1.) I notice when it’s happening and congratulate myself for noticing. Great job Mike, you see it! And I’m careful to be gentle with myself, because this could go into self judgment and self-criticism if I’m not careful, thus I use the self-acknowledgement immediately.

2.) I can check in with the person whose thoughts I’m trying to think about and see if I’m correct. It’s important that I do this in a humble and loving way, as to approach them in an attacking or accusing manner. (ex. Hey Jim, I know this may sound a little crazy but I was thinking that you were thinking (fill in the blank). I’m not saying you actually were, I just wanted to check this out with you. It’s important to note that the person may or may not be honest, and that’s perfectly ok. At this point I make a choice to trust that they mean what they say. What I’m trusting is they have the right to think their own thoughts and keep them private if they choose, and so do I. This helps me to release the ‘need’ to know ‘the truth from them.’

3.) I then let the thought go. I place the thought (s) in a little bubble in my brain and let it fly away. I say to my brain, “Brain, you are a magnificent tool, thank you for thinking for me and for other people too. I appreciate that about you, however I want to think my own thoughts from now on and I really appreciate your cooperation.” I can assure you that it is a wonderful experience to ‘live in my own head’ and think my own thoughts, and trust that other people have the right to think their own thoughts in the privacy of their own brains.

Mike Brown is a Personal Spiritual Life Coach, and a Guerrilla Marketing Association Coach. He will assist You in moving through mental and emotional Challenges and towards what you really want in your Life, Relationships, and Business. Mike lives in San Luis Obispo where he is a practitioner at Quiet Star Center for Transformation.

Visit Mike At www.ChangeYourLifeCoaching.com to get Your Free Ebook on The Law of Attraction

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