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Computer Basics |
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| Publisher: |
Mr. Kiran Pednekar |
| Date: |
2008-01-05 |
| Word count : |
1192 |
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What is a computer? Computer is an electronic device with a ability to: - 1. Accept data 2. Input, Store and execute instruction. 3. Perform mathematical and logical operation 4. Output results according to users requirement Computer has certain Limitation:- 1. Cannot think on their own 2. Task has to be described in detail. 3. Do not learn from experience. 4. Cannot detect or correct errors in logic or data. HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER : People have always needed to count. Earlier they counted with their fingers and probably through scratch making on trees or bones or on the walls of their caves. Over the centuries the science of numbers and computing has changed dramatically. People are now able to solve very sophisticated problems, and increasingly so with the aid of computers. Today we use computers in virtually every environment. From the executive in an office to the housewife and her washing machine to the teenager recording his/her favorite television programme, computers have entered into practically every sphere of human activity. The history of computing can be traced back to Abacus (2000 BC). Used primarily by merchants, the Abacus was a mechanical device used to add, subtract, multiply and divide numbers. Centuries later, mechanically operated devices were developed. These machines could add and subtract numbers (in 1642 Blaise Pascal's Calculating Machine), as well as multiply divide numbers (in 1671 Leibniz's Calculator) A few years later Charles Babbage, referred to as the "father of computers" devised a machine (Analytical Engine) which could be "programmed" by instructions coded initially on punched cards and then stored internally. GENERATION OF COMPUTERS : First Generation Computers - 1951-59 : They used vacuum Tubes as their principal component. They could store 10,000 to 20,000 characters. Magnetic Core Memory was used. Second Generation Computers - 1959-64 : The Second Generation Computers replaced the Vacuum Tubes with Transistors. This led to the miniaturization of Computers. The concept of Multi Programming was introduced with Second Generation Computers. The most popular Second Generation Computer was the IBM 1401. Third Generation Computers - 1964-70 : The Third Computers introduced integrated circuits, the equivalent of hundred and thousands of transistors on a small silicon chip. This drastically reduced the cost, size and power requirements. This technology produces powerful Mini Computers. Fourth Generation Computers - 1970 till now The LSI (Large Size Integrated) Technology with many thousand of Electronic Devices on a small silicon chip signaled the Fourth Large Number of Character could be stored and also these Computers were much faster. IBM 370 was most popular machine. A computer system can be viewed as a system of three Major Components:- Hardware : It deals with a computer equipment that is mechanical, electrical, and electronic parts of the computer. Software: It contains programs that instruct a computer how to process data and generate required information. Human-ware : Person who operate the computer and also those who write the program i.e. - operator, programmers etc CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT :- The heart of the computer is CPU It performs the various function with help of following components :- 1. RITHMETIC LOGICAL UNIT (ALU) :- Performs the actual calculations such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, and comparison like greater than lesser than, equal to, positive, negative or zero 2. MEMORY UNIT (MU) :- Memory unit or main storage unit holds data, instruction (that are being interpreted and executed, the results are ready for the output) 3. CONTROL UNIT (CU) :- The control unit co-ordinates the operation ofthe hardware. It also co-ordinate the flow and execution of data and instruction that are feed into the memory or main storage of CPU. PERIPHERAL DEVICES Peripheral devices can be classified as 1) INPUT DEVICES: - It allows feed the data into C.PU. (Computer) Examples of output devices are explained below: - 1) KEYBOARD - It is a important input device which is use every where. The keys are same as typewriter. They are classified as follows: -A) Alphabet Keys (A to Z). B) Numeric Key (0 to 9) C) Alphanumeric keys (!@#$% ~ &*) D) Function keys (Fl, F2, F3,..... F12) E) Arrow keys (Up arrow, Down arrow, Right arrow, Left arrow) F) Special keys (ENTER, TAB, CAPS LOCK, SHIFT, CTRL, ESC, ALT) 2) MOUSE - It is a device, which can easy to operate by one hand only. It looks like a rat or mouse. It includes a three buttons & we can operate mouse through that buttons 2) OUTPUT DEVICES - The data, which we feed in computer through input device that data are displayed through, output device whenever called. Examples of output device as follows: - 1) Monitor (Screen of the computer) 2) Printer (DOT Matrix, Laser, etc.) 3) Backing Storage Devices :- Are those devices which can store data feed in by the use of input device. Some examples of backing storage devices are as below:-1) Hard Disk 2) Floppy Disk 3) Compact Disk (CD) CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER Computers can be classified on purpose, components and size 1.ANALOG COMPUTERS 2.DIGITAL COMPUTERS 3.HYBRID COMPUTERS Analog Computers : Analog computers are computer that measures physical quantities (eg. Temperature, length, pressure, Whether reports etc...) and convert them to numeric values. It is used mainly for scientific & engineering purpose. Digital Computers : Digital computers are used for mathematical operations such as (eg . addition ,subtraction, letters, symbols) Hybrid Computers: The features of analog and digital computer are combined to create a hybrid computing system. The doctors to measure hearts beats SIZE mostly use hybrid computers – All digital computer store numbers, letters and other characters in coded form. The code used to represent characters is the binary code - i.e. a code made up of binary digits or bits. Every character is represent by a string of "Os" and ""Is" - the only digits found in the binary numbering system. When data is types into a computer the keyboard convert each keystroke into a binary character code. This code is then transmitted to the computer, when the computer transmits the data to the - printer or the screen, or to the disk, each individual character is communicated in binary code. It is then converted back to the specific character while displaying or printing the data. One 'Bit1 is a short of Binary Digit. A collection of 8 bits is known as a BYTE and half of byte i.e. a collection of 4 bits is known as a NIBBLE; 1 Byte= 8 Bits; 1 Kilobyte (KB)= 1024 Bytes; 1 Megabyte (MB)= 1024 KB; 1 Gigabyte (GB)= 1024 MB. Note :- Every character you type occupies 1 byte, Every Space occupies 2 bytes and every Enter you hit occupies 2 bytes. TYPES OF STORAGE SYSTEM 1. INTERNAL STORAGE :- RAM :- (Random Access Memory ).Where programs arid data are held during processing temporarily. Data stored in the RAM is lost when either the machine is switched off. ROM :- (Read Only Memory). Where permanent instructions or data are held. The ROM does not require a continuous supply of power to retain it contents. 2. EXTERNAL STORAGE:- (A) HARD DISK : Hard disks are a collection of/ pack of diskettes, known as platters, made of aluminum, with their surface being coated with iron oxide joined together to form a cylinder. They have more storage capacity and speed than floppy disks. (B) Floppies are made of Mylar plastic coated with magnetic oxide. The flexible material is cut into circular pieces.5 1/4" or 3 1/2" in diameter. They are called Floppy disk"
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Related Article:Computer Basics |
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mick madigan |
2006-06-04 |
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Title: Harmful Secrets Of Computer Monitors
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If you use PCs, you are staring at that PC screen a lot. Therefore you need a correct screen setup as soon as possible,or your eyes,neck shoulders and the rest of your body will suffer.
The trend in computer screens is to replace the box type computer monitor with a flat screen, saving weight space and power.
However all the following tips apply equally to both types.
Suitable positioning of your monitor screen will cut back on unwanted exertion, and bad positioning, plus other possible health problems like exhaustion, eyestrain and related disorders like itching and styes.
Eyestrain, neck and back pain can be considerably reduced by proper selection of the monitor (or flat screen). The screen should be positioned in proper relation to other components like the keyboard, desk, and chair.
While using the computer monitor, ensure the following:-
The screen is in front of you and at least 20 inches (45 centimetres) away.
The screen should not be more than 40 inches (100 centimetres) away.
Ideal computer screen size is between 15 to 20 inches, (about 37 to 50 centimetres) measured diagonally.If the screen is very small, you’ll find it difficult to read the characters,while with a large screen,you may require too much space.
The ideal position is to have the screen directly in front of you. But,if that is not possible, the maximum ’offcentering’ recommended is 35 degrees to the left or right of you. Thats approximately...not very much!
The top line of the computer monitor screen should be at or below your eye level. If necessary raise your chair a little, so that your line of sight is also raised. (However if you do this, make sure your feet still get get good support, and your thighs can move freely under the desk.)
Computer monitors should not be placed above or on top of other equipment like a CPU (central processing unit) or a surge protector. The screen would be then higher than your eyes. That might well increase strain on your eyes,neck, and back.
If your work is chiefly involved with printed matter, it is better to place the computer monitor a little to the side, with the documents on a stand just in front of you. There should not be too much distance between the monitor and the printed matter.
The screen should be placed at right angles to windows, so avoiding irritating reflections.
If your work is chiefly involved with printed matter, it is better to place the computer monitor a little to the side, with the documents on a stand just in front of you. There should not be too much distance between the screen and any printed matter you are working on.
Do not tilt computer monitors sharply either toward or away from yourself, as the objects on the screen may appear distorted, making them hard to view. Also, if the monitor is tilted back, there are chances of the overhead lights creating glare on the monitor, and a tilted or propped monitor may become unstable and fall over.
You can tilt the computer monitor screen slightly - somewhere between 10 to 20 degrees - so that it is perpendicular to your line of sight. Always ensure that the angle and tilt of the screen can be adjusted without much effort.
For anything other than minor screen adjustment, it is is better to have the computer monitor sitting on a a riser/swivel stand, available from any good computer accessory store, on or offline. To avoid glare, make use of a glare screen, available again from any suitable source of computer accessories...
Get your screen setup right and you've taken a big step towards healthy computing in 2006 and beyond!
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Bill Pratt |
2008-03-31 |
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Title: The Basics of Computer Forensics
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Computer forensics would be the process of the investigation of computer systems through the collection and analysis of computer-related evidence and information to be able to determine any unauthorized or illegal involvement of these evidences in fraudulent activities and other crimes. This fairly new field is already being used by the military, law enforcement, businesses and intelligence agencies. The protocols in computer evidence processing are meticulously observed as it goes through the process, as all findings must be presented in court. Computer forensics is not just confined to the process of computer data recovery. It is a fast growing technique of investigation, which is used by forensic specialists to retrieve data, which has been stored or encrypted electronically on digital media like work or personal computers. Law enforcement agencies also make use of computer forensics in gathering evidence on suspects or other known criminals. Experts on computer forensics could easily detect rogue contractors, as well as employees who have been leaking critical data like sensitive customer information or company plans. A lot of computer forensics professionals internalize the techniques while working on the job on computer security or law enforcement positions. However, with the field widely expanding, employers are regularly looking for several candidates who have formal education and certificate programs in computer forensics that are available from a lot of institutions. These formal education programs offer the instructions regarding computer skills, pertinent legal issues, and other forensic tools which they would be needing as they work as computer forensics professionals. The formal education programs offer instructions on pertinent legal issues, computer skills, and forensic tools that they will need while working as computer forensics professionals. They should have extensive knowledge of computer systems and programs and the ability to retrieve information from them. Often, they are required to retrieve data that has been deleted from the device. For this, the specialist makes use of particular computer forensics software and other tools. Do not waste your time with bad web hosting services. Go for trusted and reliable hosting providers - bluehost or hostgator. Sign up today for one penny!
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Joe Stewart |
2007-07-02 |
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Title: Affiliate Marketing Basics - 3 Things You Must Know To Become An Affiliate Marketer
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Affiliate marketing basics really aren't that difficult to learn. The biggest problem that many people have is they are so overloaded with information that they don't know which way to go. Also, it's difficult to know who they can trust, especially when there are probably more scams out there online then there are legitimate opportunities. Here are a few things that you need to learn if you expect to earn money online as an affiliate marketer. #1. You'll need to know some computer basics. I was lost when I first came online and much of it was because of my lack of computer knowledge. Knowing how to do things like copy and paste, sending an email, creating files, ect., will save you a huge amount of frustration. I'm not the only person that struggled in this area initially, as I've spoken to others that went through similar ordeals. Don't be afraid to ask questions! #2. Eventually you'll want to learn the basics of HTML (Hyper Text Mark-Up Language), but with so much wysiwyg (what you see is what you get) software available now online it's not an absolute must to know right away, however, even if you outsource your website building projects, knowing html will save you a big headache if you need to make small changes to your websites down the road. #3. You'll need to start learning the basics of marketing. I'm talking more about "pre-selling" then I am actual sales tactics, but you really should study both. I know that this may sound daunting for some people, but you must understand that the internet and your computer are only tools used to deliver your message with. Pre-selling others with your personal experience with a product, such as a review, is a powerful way to make affilate sales. You do the pre-selling and then send the visitor to your merchant's website and let THEM do the selling. Essentially, what you're doing is warming them up to the product and potentially getting them in a "buying" mood, after which, you send them to where they can scratch their itch. Pre-selling is an art and you must learn it to become effective as an affiliate marketer. These are just a few of the basics of affiliate marketing. Don't allow yourself to become overwhelmed. There's no big rush here. If you are in a position where you need immediate cash then I recommend you find something else to solve that problem before beginning as an affiliate. Once you get some time and experience under your belt you'll be able to generate cash pretty much on demand, but if you're just starting to learn then it's best to do it pressure free. Once you learn the affiliate marketing basics you'll then be able to decide which direction you plan to go with your marketing career. Are you struggling with affiliate marketing? Are you spending a lot of money and time only to have the same result? Grab my free report "Top 10 Affiliate Mistakes" and save yourself a lot of heartache. Visit MakeAffiliateCash.com Right Now. You'll learn what NOT to do and finally get yourself on the right track. Affiliate Marketing Basics . Joe Stewart is an Affiliate Marketer and Small Business owner that enjoys helping others.
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travis klein |
2007-03-28 |
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Title: Computer Repair Basics for Beginners
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Is it possible for regular Joe's to fix their own computer without needing to call a specialist in to do the computer repair? Yes! You can do it easy, and you can learn these computer repair techniques easy in the article I have written. You will be told exactly what you need to do and know, in order to get your computer repaired and working how you want it! There is always the option of calling upon a company like Geek Squad, from Best Buy, if you have the extra $350 to repair your computer. Lets also state here their idea of computer repair is not what you need at all, unless you are looking for someone to come to your home with the intention of selling you software you don't need, instead of repairing your computer. Later I will indulge all of you reading, my experience with this company, and how it brought amusement into my world Going through only the computer repairing techniques we need to know, I will not waste your time with confusing nonsense about how a computer works, or how did the computer get broken in the first place where it is in need of computer repair? Who cares right? What's done is done, lets just fix the darn thing. I will show you how to do computer repair the easiest, most simplest way possible. We care about making our current computer situation better as it exists at this exact moment, ridding it of needing computer repair. The computer repair basics presented here and the articles that follow will be more than enough to eradicate 90% of your home computer repair problems, completely resolving them all so you don't have to search the internet anymore for "computer repair" and how to fix your computer problems. You could be thinking, as I at one time did when I knew very little about computers or repairing them, that it will be near impossible to understand these square mysterious beeping towers or how they work none the less. It is a lot easier then you might think! You just need to know the what information is important about computer repair, discarding all the unnecessary stuff that most computer repair companies say in order to confuse you so you hire them. We do not need them! We have ourselves and by gosh darn it, we have this helpful article to guide you thought basic computer repair. Computer repair steps are all the same. Lets repeat, computer repairing steps are all the same, no matter if it is you doing it or a computer engineer doing it. The computer engineer goes though the basic steps while repairing a computer system, the same steps we are going to go over in this article. He might know what to do in that chance of 10% when a computer is more damaged then normal, but we are not going to worry ourselves with that odd chance. There are not hundreds of computer gurus that develop new and innovative ways to repair computers. Computer repair techniques have already been mapped out for us, and proven, so lets just utilize other peoples work and findings about computer repair, after all its free and legal!. Think of the same situation where you look up a recipe online to cook a fancy meal, it is the same idea! Now, I have been prepping you for too long telling you why I think you can do it. You know you can do it, you just need to believe in yourself and take computer repair one step at a time. I cannot stress that enough. Computer repair has to be done in steps...1) before 2). Yes it sounds obvious but be strict on yourself about his, especially while learning how to do computer repair, you will make it easy on yourself. Usually when we fix something in life we have identify the problem.. blah blah. Skip identifying the problem! (not how you learned it in school huh?) Lets not even try to pinpoint a problem that needs repairing with our computer yet! We are going to first do a few very easy computer repair basics that will solve almost all computer issues (shhh overpriced Geek Squad doesn't want you or anyone to know this). First Guide in Computer Repair 1) Click the Start Menu, a button that is visible while hovering over the start menu is the "run" button. Click the run button and a small window in the bottom left of your screen comes up. 2) Type "msconfig" (with no quotation marks) in the box that is within the window. 3) Another window comes up, now go to the tab to the right called "start up" 4) Near the bottom of the window is a button called "disable all" click that button 5) Then click the "apply" button just below the "disable all" button. 6) X out of the window (close the window) and another window pops up. Click the "restart now" option. And there you have it! You just taught yourself how to do a very easy computer repair technique which will solve alot of your computer repair issues.
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William Robinson |
2007-02-26 |
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Title: Maintaining Your Computer
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copyright@2007
William Robinson Being a computer technician pays nice money and has for a very long time. Why?..well,mainly becuase alot of new computer owners fail to learn how to use and maintain there new computer.
Before purchasing my first computer back in 1998,I took an 8 hour class on the basics of operating a windows 95 system based computer..Even with the class,within the first few months,I had crashed the computer 3 times!
This gives you somewhat of an idea about what we have here today..Alot of people now are getting computers becuase there friends have one,or to just get into the chat rooms,or the adult sites..point being..they dont know how to use a computer,much less maintain one.
To save yourself alot of money and unneedless trips to the computer shop for repairs,there are a series of very simple steps you can take to keep your new computer running fast and efficient.
Myself,I have windows xp home edition running on my computer..I find it to be the best system out there at the moment.The choice is of course yours as to what operating system you install on your machine.
When you get your new computer home and you configure an internet connection,the first thing I recommend that you do is to get to the windows update site.
The site will automatically update your new operating system with files to prevent people on other computers from accessing your data.
Next step is to install an anti-virus and spyware program on your computer..If your buying a new computer from a big outlet,this is usually included with your purchase but not always.Make sure to inquire about this when purchasing your computer.
Both these programs,the anti-virus and the anti-spyware are a must have in todays computer age..You can get good information from google(http://www.google.com}. Just type in anti-virus in the search box..you will get choices for alot of programs..same for the anti-spyware.
Over time,you will visit alot of websites..Most of these sites has what are called "cookies".These are little embedded packages of data(files),that the sites you have visited leave on your computer to track your browsing habits. After awhile,these files need to be purged(deleted)from your computer.
Other files that need to be purged at least once a week,are your temporary internet files and your history files.
Failing to do this will really slow down your computer to a crawl and possibly cause a system crash,meaning you will have to re-install your operating system..
When you open up internet explorer,at the top left of the page,you will see options..Look for the Tools option.Left click "Tools",then left click "Internet Options".From there it should be straight foward for you.After you have deleted your temporary internet files and history files,click "OK"
I do this at least once a day..really keeps my computer running fast.
Now im going to share with you,some things you can do about whats inside of your computer(the case)or your computers "hardware".
No matter how clean the surroundings where you have your computer placed,over time,alot of dust and particles gather on the inside..your motherboard,inside the power supply,on your cpu,all your cards(video,sound,ect..} I clean the inside of my computer every 3 months and I recommend all new users do it also.Here is how to do it:
First,before you do anything,make sure the computer is unplugged from the outlet and is completely turned off!
Next is to get a screwdriver for those little round screws you will need to undo to get inside your case.
When both sides of the case are removed,you will need a can of compressed air..you can buy this from any computer store for under 5 dollars.
You then spray all the areas inside the case..you will see the dust and dirt flyng off from the places you sprayed.
Doing this 4 times a year(every 3 months)Is a great way to save alot of money and keep your computer running like its brand new!
I hope you all have enjoyed my computer tips. Sincerely, William Robinson http://www.loans-incorporated.com My Place copyright@2007
William Robinson
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Bill Pratt |
2008-03-31 |
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Title: The Basics of Computer Forensics
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Computer forensics would be the process of the investigation of computer systems through the collection and analysis of computer-related evidence and information to be able to determine any unauthorized or illegal involvement of these evidences in fraudulent activities and other crimes. This fairly new field is already being used by the military, law enforcement, businesses and intelligence agencies. The protocols in computer evidence processing are meticulously observed as it goes through the process, as all findings must be presented in court.
Computer forensics is not just confined to the process of computer data recovery. It is a fast growing technique of investigation, which is used by forensic specialists to retrieve data, which has been stored or encrypted electronically on digital media like work or personal computers. Law enforcement agencies also make use of computer forensics in gathering evidence on suspects or other known criminals. Experts on computer forensics could easily detect rogue contractors, as well as employees who have been leaking critical data like sensitive customer information or company plans.
A lot of computer forensics professionals internalize the techniques while working on the job on computer security or law enforcement positions. However, with the field widely expanding, employers are regularly looking for several candidates who have formal education and certificate programs in computer forensics that are available from a lot of institutions. These formal education programs offer the instructions regarding computer skills, pertinent legal issues, and other forensic tools which they would be needing as they work as computer forensics professionals.
The formal education programs offer instructions on pertinent legal issues, computer skills, and forensic tools that they will need while working as computer forensics professionals.
They should have extensive knowledge of computer systems and programs and the ability to retrieve information from them. Often, they are required to retrieve data that has been deleted from the device. For this, the specialist makes use of particular computer forensics software and other tools.
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Marylou Veith |
2006-06-20 |
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Title: Explaining computer hardware
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Computer Hardware is a comprehensive term which refers to all the physical parts of a computer including the digital circuitry. The software installed in the computer provides instructions for the hardware to perform necessary tasks. Unlike software and data, which are readily created, modified, or deleted, the hardware of a computer is rarely changed. The interaction between the hardware and the software, or more clearly, the boundary between the computer hardware and software, is a special type of software, known as firmware. Most computer hardware is not seen by common people as it is usually comes in embedded systems in compact disc players, electrocardiograph machines, microwave ovens, automobiles, and other devices. The computer hardware familiar to normal users is the personal computers which form only a small portion of the computers out there in the market. Personal Computer Hardware Generally a personal computer consists of a chassis or a case in desktop and comprises of the following parts. Motherboard – Motherboard or system board comes with slots for expansion cards and holding parts including:
Central Processing Unit (CPU) – one of the main parts of a computer which interprets and executes instructions.
Random Access Memory (RAM) – the primary storage for program execution and short data storage.
Buses - Also known as data bus or computer bus, a bus is a subsystem which helps to transfer data or power between computer components in a computer or between computers.
PCI bus
PCI-E or AGP bus
ISA bus (outdated)
USB
Power Supply Unit (PSU) – a system or a device which helps to supply power to every other component inside or attached to the computer. The power system contains a voltage control, transformer, and fan. Storage Controllers – IDE, SATA, SCSI or any other type which controls storage mediums such as hard disk, floppy disk or CD-ROM drives. The controls are installed directly on the mother board or on expansion cards. Video Display Controller –helps to generate the output for the computer display. Computer Bus Controllers (FireWire, USB, serial, parallel) - used to connect the computer to an external peripheral devices such as scanners or printers. Sound Card –a plug-in card which helps to record and play back sound. Internal Storage –devices used to store data inside the computer for later use.
Hard Disk - the most popular storage device used to store data.
Disk Array Controller
Removable media writers:
Floppy Disk
CD: the most widely used removable media. CD is cheap but fragile.
DVD
DVD-ROM Drive
DVD Writer
DVD-RAM Drive
Zip Drive
USB Flash Drive
Tape Drive
Networking: - devices which allows a computer to connect to the internet or with other computers.
Modem: used for dial-up connections.
Network Card: used to connect a computer with other computers or with DSL/Cable internet.
Computer Hardware can also include other external components of a computer system such as: Input Devices
Text Input devices
Pointing Devices
Video or Image Input Devices
Audio Input Device
Gaming Devices
Output Devices
Video or Image Output Devices:
Audio Output Device:
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Robert Hanania |
2005-12-03 |
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Title: Computer Viruses - The Basics
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In it's simpelest terms a virus is a disruptive computer code period! A computer virus almost always repeats itself and spreads by attaching itself to other files. Viruses can be made to host a number of harmful things on any computer from disrupting files to crashing networks. It can even be laying dormant, without you knowing it's there and then attact when least expect it, like right in the middle of downloading a large file or typing a long report. It can even be made to open at a certain date, sitting like a timebomb until it's time arrives. As you can see it can be annnoying at the very least. I do not want go into all the different types of viruses here because there are so many and more are being made everyday in some dank basement by the Dark Lord. However, since so many viruses came from unknowingly opening e-mails I would like to mention some basics here: Never open e-mail attachments unless you know for sure who it's from and that it's safe. Some mail programs will even ask if you trust the attachment and if your sure this you want to do. Your computer software can also scan attachments for viruses. The danger is that when the attachment is opened the virus can attach itself to your hard drive and damage files. Not only that, it can search your saved e-mail addresses and send itself out to your friends, bussiness partners and whoever is on the list, masking the message to look like a legitimate one from you. It will probally have an attachment too, and when opened will infect other computers. This may sound sarry to some but the fact is in this world anyone who owns a computer will have to look over there shoulder for hidden attacks when working with online or off. That said, There are some things should do to prevent viruses from attacking your computer: * Download the latest virus defination lists ( files that tell your computer what to scan for) that's used for your anti-virus program.
* Check to see if your internet service provider has tools to stop viruses before they can reach your mailbox.
* Always back-up your computer on disks in case you loose some or all your data.
* You can scan software for viruses before installing it.
* Set your security settings at the higest level.
* Check your web browser and e-mail settings. Doing these simple things at least every week will help keep your computer up to date on virus protection and running smoothly.
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Bill Pratt |
2008-03-31 |
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Title: The Basics of Computer Forensics
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Computer forensics would be the process of the investigation of computer systems through the collection and analysis of computer-related evidence and information to be able to determine any unauthorized or illegal involvement of these evidences in fraudulent activities and other crimes. This fairly new field is already being used by the military, law enforcement, businesses and intelligence agencies. The protocols in computer evidence processing are meticulously observed as it goes through the process, as all findings must be presented in court.
Computer forensics is not just confined to the process of computer data recovery. It is a fast growing technique of investigation, which is used by forensic specialists to retrieve data, which has been stored or encrypted electronically on digital media like work or personal computers. Law enforcement agencies also make use of computer forensics in gathering evidence on suspects or other known criminals. Experts on computer forensics could easily detect rogue contractors, as well as employees who have been leaking critical data like sensitive customer information or company plans.
A lot of computer forensics professionals internalize the techniques while working on the job on computer security or law enforcement positions. However, with the field widely expanding, employers are regularly looking for several candidates who have formal education and certificate programs in computer forensics that are available from a lot of institutions. These formal education programs offer the instructions regarding computer skills, pertinent legal issues, and other forensic tools which they would be needing as they work as computer forensics professionals.
The formal education programs offer instructions on pertinent legal issues, computer skills, and forensic tools that they will need while working as computer forensics professionals.
They should have extensive knowledge of computer systems and programs and the ability to retrieve information from them. Often, they are required to retrieve data that has been deleted from the device. For this, the specialist makes use of particular computer forensics software and other tools.
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Mick Madigan |
2006-06-03 |
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Title: Harmful Secrets Of Computer Monitors
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If you use PCs, you are staring at that PC screen a lot. Therefore you need a correct screen setup as soon as possible,or your eyes,neck shoulders and the rest of your body will suffer.
The trend in computer screens is to replace the box type computer monitor with a flat screen, saving weight space and power.
However all the following tips apply equally to both types.
Suitable positioning of your monitor screen will cut back on unwanted exertion, and bad positioning, plus other possible health problems like exhaustion, eyestrain and related disorders like itching and styes.
Eyestrain, neck and back pain can be considerably reduced by proper selection of the monitor (or flat screen). The screen should be positioned in proper relation to other components like the keyboard, desk, and chair.
While using the computer monitor, ensure the following:-
The screen is in front of you and at least 20 inches (45 centimetres) away.
The screen should not be more than 40 inches (100 centimetres) away.
Ideal computer screen size is between 15 to 20 inches, (about 37 to 50 centimetres) measured diagonally.If the screen is very small, you'll find it difficult to read the characters,while with a large screen,you may require too much space.
The ideal position is to have the screen directly in front of you. But,if that is not possible, the maximum 'offcentering' recommended is 35 degrees to the left or right of you. Thats approximately...not very much!
The top line of the computer monitor screen should be at or below your eye level. If necessary raise your chair a little, so that your line of sight is also raised. (However if you do this, make sure your feet still get get good support, and your thighs can move freely under the desk.)
Computer monitors should not be placed above or on top of other equipment like a CPU (central processing unit) or a surge protector. The screen would be then higher than your eyes. That might well increase strain on your eyes,neck, and back.
If your work is chiefly involved with printed matter, it is better to place the computer monitor a little to the side, with the documents on a stand just in front of you. There should not be too much distance between the monitor and the printed matter.
The screen should be placed at right angles to windows, so avoiding irritating reflections.
If your work is chiefly involved with printed matter, it is better to place the computer monitor a little to the side, with the documents on a stand just in front of you. There should not be too much distance between the screen and any printed matter you are working on.
Do not tilt computer monitors sharply either toward or away from yourself, as the objects on the screen may appear distorted, making them hard to view. Also, if the monitor is tilted back, there are chances of the overhead lights creating glare on the monitor, and a tilted or propped monitor may become unstable and fall over.
You can tilt the computer monitor screen slightly - somewhere between 10 to 20 degrees - so that it is perpendicular to your line of sight. Always ensure that the angle and tilt of the screen can be adjusted without much effort.
For anything other than minor screen adjustment, it is is better to have the computer monitor sitting on a a riser/swivel stand, available from any good computer accessory store, on or offline. To avoid glare, make use of a glare screen, available again from any suitable source of computer accessories...
Get your screen setup right and you've taken a big step towards healthy computing in 2006 and beyond!
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